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Fountain Pen Ink
Fountain pens should, as a rule, only be filled with general purpose fountain pen ink. This ink is a free flowing liquid with a water base (although it may have a peculiar smell sometimes), and is designed to flow well through the feed of a fountain pen. Most inks include a small amount of some sort of solvent to keep the feed clear and writing properly. don't buy inks intended for other kinds of pens (such as india ink, technical drawing ink, artist's inks, etc.) since these may be too thick or too runny to work with the pen, and they may leave residue that can stop up the pen or ruin the filling system.

Yair Greenberg from Yafa, Us Distributors from Monteverde, etc.
Ink Converters
Converters fit inside cartridge pens in place of the cartridge and allow the pen to be filled from a bottle. If you have a cartridge pen, chance are you can find a converter that will fit it. There are two general types of converters in common use: the "aerometric" or sleeve filler, and the piston filler. You can also refill empty cartridges if you are of a frugal frame of mind.
Aerometric Converters
The Aerometric filler is actually a variation on the old-style sleeve filler that was used early in the century. It usually consists of a rubber or rubber-like sac (some are transparent plastic) inside a metal sheath; there's an opening in the sheath through which you can see a pressure bar. To fill the pen, simply dip the point all the way into the ink bottle, mash the pressure bar, let go and allow the sac to expand and draw in ink. If the pen is new or nearly empty, you might repeat this maneuver a couple of times to make sure you get as much ink as you can.
Piston Fill
Many pens, particularly German ones (like Pelikan and Montblanc), fill only from a bottle and use a piston or screw-type filler. These can be identified by a barrel-end that screws in and out (and, usually, an ink window in the section in which you can see a piston). To fill these pens, unscrew the piston (by twisting the knob at the end of the pen until it hits a stop), dip the point in the ink supply, then screw the knob back down. Remove the point, and while holding it over the ink, twist the knob back out just enough to let three drops fall from the pen (this part is important). Then, screw the knob back down, wipe up, and you're ready to go.
Some older pens used a fairly crude piston fill that worked exactly like a hypodermic syringe: Push the piston home to expel the old ink, dip the point in the bottle, then raise the piston do draw fresh ink into the pen.

Frequently Asked Questions
bulletHow do I select the right nib?

If your writing, is small, fine, or tight your handwriting will look best  when a fine or extra fine nib is used, Larger handwriting, or writing that is spread out requires a medium or bold nib, Symbols such as Japanese, Arabic or Hebrew look best when written with a broad nib,

 

bulletIs the size of my hand a factor to select a pen?

The shape of your hand should influence the choice of the pen, A person .with long fingers will hold a thicker barreled pen more comfortably, People with shorter fingers write more comfortably with a slim or thin barrel. Another way to determine the right barrel thickness is to notice the angle of the pen as you write, It is possible to change the writing angle (for greater comfort) by using a thicker or thinner barrel?

 

bulletIs the pressure applied to the paper an issue to consider, in the selection of a Fountain pen?

Make sure your are comfortable holding the style of pen chosen, If it appears that you are applying pressure, especially to a fountain pen nib, take in account that the ink will flow more smoothly if the pen is allowed to glide over the paper, if you consciously realize this, your comfort as well as your handwriting will improve.

 
bulletIs proper for ladies to buy men looking pens, or vice versa?
 
Avoid thinking of pens as "men’s" or "ladies” If you are comfortable using the pen, and likes the way it looks, it is the proper pen to purchase.

 
bulletHow do I clean my fountain pen?

Empty the ink from the pen. Use the converter or pump to fill the pen with the cold water -preferably with some ice in it- . Repeat a few times, flush with clean cold water, until the water comes out clean, dry the excess of water with a cotton cloth. We recommend to flush and dry your fountain pen if it is going to be left unused.

 
bulletHow should I uncap my fountain pen before using it.

Opening the pen properly will help to prevent unnecessary damage to the nib.

       1. hold the pen in one hand

       2. grip the cap with thumb and forefinger

       3. push upwards to remove the cap


 
bulletShould I press down on the nib when the pens won't write?

it is not advisable to do that, this may split the nib. When this occurs it is usually because the pen needs to be cleaned or refilled.

 
bulletCan I leave the cap off when the pen is not use for a little while?

again it's not prudent to do that, because the ink will evaporate and dry causing clogs.
 
bulletWhat is the right procedure to re-fill my fountain pen?

It's of the essence to shake the ink bottle before filling-up  your fountain pen. The     shaking of the ink bottle will cause the ink pigments and solids to be well mixed and balanced, and your fountain pen feeding mechanism would be less prone to be blocked by this solids, favoring the ink flow and preventing skipping.

bulletHow should I store my pen for a short term when not in use.

Make sure the pen is in an upright position whenever it is not being used. This will prevent ink evaporation or thickening, as well as leaking, clogging, and skipping.



 
bulletIf some one asks, should I lend my pen?

Everyone writes at a different angle, and with different pressure. When you use your fountain pen it adapts and "molds" itself to your individual writing style. Slight changes will occur if someone else uses your pen.

 
bulletWhat kind of paper should I use with my fountain pen?

Try to use 100% cotton/rag paper. Avoid using recycled paper, as it fails to absorb ink properly.

 
bulletAnd finally Keep your fountain pen clean, and use it, The ink in a fountain pen flows most smoothly when the pen is used regularly.
 
 

  Ink Cartridges  
 
Make sure you have a cartridge that will work in your pen. You're usually safe buying the cartridges made by the same company that made the pen, but many pens (generally European) use a standard design making these cartridges  interchangeable.
Unscrew the barrel from the pen; pull out the old cartridge (might want to do this with the pen pointing up so you won't drip any of the remaining ink from the cartridge). Put the new cartridge in its place and push; usually, you have to break a membrane or dislodge a small bead in order to start the ink flow (you should be able to feel a nice "thunk" when you've accomplished this).
Reassemble the pen and you're back on the trail. If the pen was dead empty or dried out, it will take a bit of scribbling before the proper ink flow starts up. If the new cartridge is a different color, it may take some time for the new color to appear (the pen must use all the ink stashed away in the feed before taking on new ink from the cartridge). You really shouldn't have to pinch or squeeze the cartridge to get the flow started.
If you use cartridge pens, you should consider switching to a bottle fill converter; not only because  this is much more economical, and more environmentally sound, but you're flushing out the feed every time you fill, so it will stay cleaner and will be less likely to clog.
  
  Ink Converter  
Most "better" convertible pens today, like Waterman and Montblanc, have piston-fill converters. The chief advantage of these is that they can be broken down and cleaned should they dry out; also, with the ink reservoir being totally transparent, you can see how much ink is left in the pen at any time.
To fill a piston filler, immerse the point completely in the ink bottle, then twist the knob (or push the slide on more recent Parker converters) until the piston is all the way down. Then, move the piston back up, drawing ink into the converter. Again, repeat this to completely fill the converter if it was pretty empty to start with.
Remember to "prime" the pen by releasing a few drops of ink after filling, then screw the piston back up to the top.
Rotring recently introduced special ink bottles that were designed especially to fill converters out of the pen; this isn't as convenient as it might sound, since you not only have to unscrew the barrel, you have to remove the converter (and now you have the pen in at least three pieces to keep track of). Also, you lose the benefit of "flushing" the point and feed during the filling process.